Review Article Methods for Semen and Endocrinological Evaluation of the Stallion: a Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Juhász J . , P . Nagy, M. Kulcsár , Gy. Huszenicza: Methods for Semen and Endocrinological Evaluation of The Stallion: A Review. Acta Vet. Brno 2000, 69: 247-259. Breeding soundness examination of stallions includes the examination of reproductive organs, behavior, quantity and quality of the ejaculate and function of the reproductive endocrine system. The paper reviews the current knowledge of this field. First, the morphology of the equine spermatozoa is described in details. Semen examination is divided into routine and advanced laboratory procedures and new techniques. During routine laboratory examination, the quantitative (volume, concentration, total sperm number) and the qualitative (appearance, motility, morphology) parameters of the ejaculate are determined. Owing to different evaluation systems and interpretation, data on morphology from different laboratories are difficult to compare. Following routine laboratory tests, morphological and functional membrane integrity and acrosome integrity can be determined. Several non fluorescent and fluorescent staining techniques have been developed to determine the viability and/or the acrosomal status of spermatozoa which can be used separately or in combination. Hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test is a relatively simple test to evaluate the functional integrity of the spermatozoal membrane. New automated techniques, such as computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry have been developed recently. These new methods allow us to evaluate different motility parameters, morphology, different compartments and functions of individual cells, including the nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, capacitation, acrosomal status. The determination of baseline concentration of reproductive hormones helps to evaluate the breeding soundness of stallions. GnRH and hCG challenge-tests are also available to monitor the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. The accuracy of all these methods has to be confirmed on a large number of stallions and their correlation with fertility has to be determined. The content of the paper is the following:
منابع مشابه
An analysis of Selected Aspects of Sperm Quality in Fresh and Cooled-Storage Stallion Semen
This review summarises the most significant findings related to the issue of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of stallion ejaculates, its processing when producing chilled insemination doses and the possibility of influencing the individual steps of the entire process. Artificial insemination, with cooled-storage semen, is increasingly used in horse breeding because it offers many ad...
متن کاملIn Vitro Evaluation of Frozen-Thawed Stallion Semen: A Review
The article reviews methods used for in vitro evaluation of sperm, with particular emphasis on frozen-thawed stallion sperm. The techniques, limitations of the methods and correlations with fertility results are discussed. Very few studies have tried to find correlation between fertility of frozen stallion semen and laboratory tests. It is difficult and expensive to inseminate an adequate numbe...
متن کاملCryobiological determinants of frozen semen quality, with special reference to stallion.
Success in cryopreserving stallion semen has been very variable. Several different freezing regimes have been published. However, because extenders and procedures used in each regime have differed, direct comparison of these techniques has been very difficult, and controlled studies comparing different techniques have not been reported. A number of different factors affect sperm cryosurvival. I...
متن کاملI-1: The Andrological Counselling of the Infertile Men
Background: Infertility is defined as the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in one year. About 15% of couples do not achieve pregnancy within one year and seek medical treatment for infertility. One out of eight couples encounters problems when attempting to conceive a first child and one in six when attempting to conceive a subsequent chi...
متن کاملEffect of method and clinician on stallion sperm morphology evaluation.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of method and clinician on stallion sperm morphology evaluation. Five clinicians evaluated 60 semen samples using wet-mount preparations with phase-contrast, eosin/nigrosin-stained semen smears, and Papanicolaou-stained semen smears. There were significant differences among methods for all sperm morphology categories and most intra-class ...
متن کامل